2nd Six Weeks
Unit 5: Cell Energy
Bio.4.2 Analyze the relationships between biochemical processes and energy use in the cell.
Bio.4.2.1 Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between
these systems.
* Analyze overall reactions including reactants and products for photosynthesis and cellular respiration and factors which affect their
rates (amounts of reactants, temperature, pH, light, etc.).
* Compare these processes with regard to efficiency of ATP formation, the types of organisms using these processes, and the organelles
involved. (Anaerobic respiration should include lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.)
Bio.4.2.1 Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between
these systems.
* Analyze overall reactions including reactants and products for photosynthesis and cellular respiration and factors which affect their
rates (amounts of reactants, temperature, pH, light, etc.).
* Compare these processes with regard to efficiency of ATP formation, the types of organisms using these processes, and the organelles
involved. (Anaerobic respiration should include lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.)
Unit 6: Cell Division - Mitosis
Bio.1.2 Analyze the cell as a living system.
Bio.1.2.2 Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
• Outline the cell cycle – Growth1, Synthesis, Growth2, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.
• Recognize mitosis as a part of asexual reproduction.
• Organize diagrams of mitotic phases and describe what is occurring throughout the process.
Bio.1.2.2 Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
• Outline the cell cycle – Growth1, Synthesis, Growth2, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.
• Recognize mitosis as a part of asexual reproduction.
• Organize diagrams of mitotic phases and describe what is occurring throughout the process.
Unit 7: Cell division - Meiosis
Bio.3.2 Understand how the environment, and/or the interaction of alleles, influences the expression of genetic traits.
Bio.3.2.1 Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic variation.
• Recall the process of meiosis and identify process occurring in diagrams of stages.
• Infer the importance of the genes being on separate chromosomes as it relates to meiosis.
• Explain how the process of meiosis leads to independent assortment and ultimately to greater genetic diversity.
• Exemplify sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms including crossing over, random assortment of chromosomes,
gene mutation, nondisjunction, and fertilization.
• Compare meiosis and mitosis including type of reproduction (asexual or sexual), replication and separation of DNA and cellular
material, changes in chromosome number, number of cell divisions, and number of cells produced in a complete cycle.
Bio.3.2.1 Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic variation.
• Recall the process of meiosis and identify process occurring in diagrams of stages.
• Infer the importance of the genes being on separate chromosomes as it relates to meiosis.
• Explain how the process of meiosis leads to independent assortment and ultimately to greater genetic diversity.
• Exemplify sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms including crossing over, random assortment of chromosomes,
gene mutation, nondisjunction, and fertilization.
• Compare meiosis and mitosis including type of reproduction (asexual or sexual), replication and separation of DNA and cellular
material, changes in chromosome number, number of cell divisions, and number of cells produced in a complete cycle.
Unit 8: Mendelian Genetics
Bio.3.2 Understand how the environment, and/or the interaction of alleles, influences the expression of genetic traits.
Bio.3.2.2 Predict offspring ratios based on a variety of inheritance patterns (including dominance, co-dominance, incomplete
dominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits).
• Interpret Punnett squares (monohybrid only) to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Understand that dominant alleles mask
recessive alleles.
• Determine parental genotypes based on offspring ratios.
• Interpret karyotypes (gender, and chromosomal abnormalities).
• Recognize a variety of intermediate patterns of inheritance (codominance and incomplete dominance).
• Recognize that some traits are controlled by more than one pair of genes and that this pattern of inheritance is identified by the presence
of a wide range of phenotypes (skin, hair, and eye color).
• Interpret autosomal inheritance patterns: sickle cell anemia including the relationship to malaria (codominance), cystic fibrosis
(recessive heredity), and Huntington’s disease (dominant heredity).
• Solve and interpret codominant crosses involving multiple alleles including blood typing problems. (Blood Types: A, B, AB and O and
Alleles: IA, IB, and i). Students should be able to determine if parentage is possible based on blood types.
• Understand human sex chromosomes and interpret crosses involving sex-linked traits (color-blindness and hemophilia). Students
should understand why males are more likely to express a sex-linked trait
• Interpret phenotype pedigrees to identify the genotypes of individuals and the type of inheritance.
Bio.3.2.2 Predict offspring ratios based on a variety of inheritance patterns (including dominance, co-dominance, incomplete
dominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits).
• Interpret Punnett squares (monohybrid only) to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Understand that dominant alleles mask
recessive alleles.
• Determine parental genotypes based on offspring ratios.
• Interpret karyotypes (gender, and chromosomal abnormalities).
• Recognize a variety of intermediate patterns of inheritance (codominance and incomplete dominance).
• Recognize that some traits are controlled by more than one pair of genes and that this pattern of inheritance is identified by the presence
of a wide range of phenotypes (skin, hair, and eye color).
• Interpret autosomal inheritance patterns: sickle cell anemia including the relationship to malaria (codominance), cystic fibrosis
(recessive heredity), and Huntington’s disease (dominant heredity).
• Solve and interpret codominant crosses involving multiple alleles including blood typing problems. (Blood Types: A, B, AB and O and
Alleles: IA, IB, and i). Students should be able to determine if parentage is possible based on blood types.
• Understand human sex chromosomes and interpret crosses involving sex-linked traits (color-blindness and hemophilia). Students
should understand why males are more likely to express a sex-linked trait
• Interpret phenotype pedigrees to identify the genotypes of individuals and the type of inheritance.